IONS:-
Ionic Compounds
composed of metals & non-metals contain charged species. The charged species are known as ions. Ions may consist of a single charged atom
(Simple ions) or group of atoms that
have net charge on them (Polyatomic ions)
An ion can be positively
or negatively charged. Hence , ions are of two types
Types of ions:-
1) Cations- are ions with positive charge. The
magnitude of positive charge is equal to number of electrons lost.
They are further categorized as:–
i)Univalent cation(Monovalent
cations) – Carrying unit positive charge – Na+,
H+ & K+ etc
M - 1e- à M+(
Univalent cation )
ii)Bivalent ions
(Divalent) :- Carrying two unit positive charge:- Mg2+,
Ca2+ & Ba2+
etc
M – 2e-
à
M2+(Bivalent cation )
iii) Polyvalent
ions :- Carrying more than two unit
positive charge :-
M – ne- à Mn+
Trivalent Cations :- Al3+,
Ga3+ & B3+
Tetravalent cations :- Pb2+,
Sn4+ etc
2) Anions – are ions carrying negative charge.
The magnitude of negative charge is equal to number of electrons gained
They are further categorized as:-
i) Univalent
anions – Carrying unit negative charge:- Cl-,
Br- & I- etc
X + 1e - à
X-
ii)
Bivalent(Divalent anions) :- Carrying two unit negative charge :- O2-, S2- & SO42-
etc
X + 2e- à X2-
iii) Polyvalent
anions:- Carrying more than two unit negative charge:- PO43- & BO33-
etc
X + 3e- à X3-
CATIONS:-
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ANIONS
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Suffix – IUM
Na+( Sodium)
K+(Potassium)
Li+(Lithium)
Rubidium(Rb+)
Caesium(Cs+)
H3O+(Hydronium)
Mg2+(Magnesium)
Ca2+(Calcium)
Ba2+(Barium)
Strontium (Sr2+)
Al3+(Aluminium
)
Ga3+(Galium
)
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Suffix-
OUS
Fe2+(
Ferrous)
Hg+(Mercurous)
Cu+(Cuprous)
Pb2+(Plumbous)
Sn2+(Stannous)
SUFFIX- IC
Ferric (Fe3+)
Mercuric (Hg2+)
Cupric (Cu2+)
Plumbic ( Pb4+)
Stannic ( Sn4+)
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Suffix –ate
Carbonate – CO32-
Bicarbonate- HCO3-
Nitrate – NO3-
Sulphate- SO42-
Phsophate- PO43-
Borate- BO33-
Suffix – ite
Nitrite – NO2-
Sulphite-SO32-
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Suffix – ide
Fluoride- F-
Chloride- Cl-
Bromide- Br-
Iodide- I-
Hydroxide- OH-
Oxide- O2-
Sulphide-S2-
Nitride - N3-
Hydride – H-
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Valency :- The combining power( or capacity) of an element is known as its valency
Valence electrons:- Number of electrons present in the valence shell ( or Outer most shell ) of an atom
Polyatomic ion :- are group of atoms carrying a net charge. They contain more than one type of element -as Phosphate ions- Contains O & P element , Sulphate ion( Contains S & O) , Bicarbonate ion ( Contain H,C& O ) etc
To be Continued .......
This was very helpful
ReplyDeleteVery nice explanation
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