Sunday 26 July 2020

IONS-CATION & ANIONS


IONS:-
Ionic Compounds composed of metals & non-metals contain charged species. The charged species are known as ions. Ions may consist of a single charged atom (Simple ions) or group of atoms that have net charge on them (Polyatomic ions)
An ion can be positively or negatively charged. Hence , ions are of two types


Types of ions:-
1) Cations- are ions with positive charge. The magnitude of positive charge is equal to number of electrons lost.
They are further categorized as:–
i)Univalent cation(Monovalent cations) – Carrying unit positive charge – Na+, H+ & K+ etc
M   - 1e- à M+( Univalent cation  )
ii)Bivalent ions (Divalent) :- Carrying two unit positive charge:- Mg2+, Ca2+  & Ba2+ etc
M – 2e- à M2+(Bivalent cation )
iii) Polyvalent ions :- Carrying more than two unit  positive charge :-
M – ne-  à Mn+
Trivalent Cations :- Al3+, Ga3+ & B3+
Tetravalent cations :- Pb2+, Sn4+ etc
2) Anions – are ions carrying negative charge. The magnitude of negative charge is equal to number of electrons gained
They are further categorized as:-  
i) Univalent anions – Carrying unit negative charge:- Cl-, Br- & I- etc
X + 1e - à X-
ii) Bivalent(Divalent anions) :- Carrying two unit negative charge :- O2-, S2- & SO42- etc
X + 2e-  à X2-
iii) Polyvalent anions:- Carrying more than two unit negative charge:- PO43-  & BO33-  etc
X +  3e-  à X3-
CATIONS:-
ANIONS
Suffix – IUM
Na+( Sodium)
K+(Potassium)
Li+(Lithium)
Rubidium(Rb+)
Caesium(Cs+) 
H3O+(Hydronium)

Mg2+(Magnesium)
Ca2+(Calcium)
Ba2+(Barium)
Strontium (Sr2+)

Al3+(Aluminium )
Ga3+(Galium )

Suffix- OUS

Fe2+( Ferrous)
Hg+(Mercurous)
Cu+(Cuprous)
Pb2+(Plumbous)
Sn2+(Stannous)
SUFFIX- IC

Ferric (Fe3+)
Mercuric  (Hg2+)
Cupric  (Cu2+)
Plumbic ( Pb4+)
Stannic  ( Sn4+)









Suffix –ate

Carbonate – CO32-
Bicarbonate- HCO3-
Nitrate – NO3-
Sulphate- SO42-
Phsophate- PO43-
Borate- BO33-

Suffix – ite

Nitrite – NO2-
Sulphite-SO32-

Suffix – ide

Fluoride- F-
Chloride- Cl-
Bromide- Br-
Iodide- I-
Hydroxide- OH-
Oxide- O2-
Sulphide-S2-
Nitride  - N3-
Hydride – H-

NOTE :-
Valency :- The combining power( or capacity) of an element is known as its valency
Valence electrons:- Number of electrons present in the valence shell ( or Outer most shell ) of an atom
Polyatomic ion :- are group of atoms carrying a net charge. They contain more than one type of element -as Phosphate ions- Contains O & P element , Sulphate ion( Contains S & O) , Bicarbonate ion ( Contain H,C& O ) etc
To be Continued .......


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